1. Turn on/off the Simulator. 2. Print. 3. Change Zoom, Gain, Contrast, Sephia. 4. Tissue Doppler. 5. Echocardiography Calculations. 6. Curve for Volume and Area measurement. 7. Change slides after freezing the image. 8. Enter Values for Calculation. 9. M-mode. 10. B-mode. 11. Pulse Wave Doppler. 12. Continuous Wave Doppler. 13. Color Doppler. 14. Line for linear measurements. 15. Freeze the image. 16. Change Patient. 17. Change Echocardiography Position. 18. Slider for show/hide sceleton. 19. Slider to increase/decrease light. 20. Transducer. 21. Transducer Marker (Pointer). 22. Slider for Probe movement in Y axis. 23. Slider for Probe movement in X axis. 24. Slider for Probe rotation around Y axis. 25. Slider for Probe tilting around Y axis. 26. Slider for Probe tilting around Z axis. 27. Slider Button.

 

Start

Operations with transducer

Echocadiography Modes and Examinations

• Two-dimensional echocardiography (B-Mode)
  • Left Parasternal View. Long axis
• Left Parasternal View. Short axis at the level of Ao Valve
• Left Parasternal View. Short axis at the level of Pulmonary Artery
• Left Parasternal View. Short axis at the level of Mitral Valve
• Left Parasternal View. Short axis at the level of Papillary Muscles
• Left Parasternal View. Short axis at the level of Heart Apex

 

• Apical 4 Chamber View
• Apical 5 Chamber View
• Apical 2 Chamber View
• Apical 3 Chamber View

 

• Subcostal 4 Chamber View
• Subcostal View of the Inferior Vena Cava
• Subcostal View of the Abdominal Aorta

 

• Suprasternal View. Long axis of aortic Arch

 

• One-dimensional echocardiography (M-mode)
  • M-modal examination of the mitral valve
  • M-modal examination of the aorta and aortic valve
  • M-modal examination of the left ventricle

 

• Spectral Doppler: Pulse Wave Doppler (PW). Continuous Wave Doppler (CW)
  • Transmitral diastolic flow Spectral Doppler
  • Trans-Tricuspid diastolic flow Spectral Doppler
  • Pulmonary vein flow Spectral Doppler
  • Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) flow Spectral Doppler
  • Ascending aortic flow Spectral Doppler
  • Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) flow Spectral Doppler
  • Pulmonary artery flow Spectral Doppler
  • Inferior vena cava (IVC) flow Spectral Doppler
  • Descending aortic flow Spectral Doppler

 

• Color Doppler
  • Transmitral diastolic flow Color Doppler
  • Trans-tricuspid flow Color doppler
  • Left Ventricular outflow Tract (LVOT) Color Doppler
  • Aortic Flow Color Doppler
  • Color Doppler of the flow in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) and Pulmonary Artery
  • Color Doppler of the flow in Hepatic Veins and Inferior Vena Cava

 

• Tissue Doppler (TDI)

 

Echocadiography Measurements and Calculations

2D Measurements

• Linear measurments
  • Linear measurements of the left ventricle
  • Linear measurements of the right ventricle
  • Linear measurements of the Mitral and Tricuspid Annulus
  • Linear measurements of the Left and Right Ventricle Outflow Tract
  • Linear measurements of the left and right atrium
  • Linear measurements of the Aorta
  • Linear measurements of the Pulmonary Artery
  • Linear Measurement of the Inferior Vena Cava and Hepatic Veins

 

• Area. Volume.

 

Spectral Doppler Measurements

• V max, V mid
• PG max, PG mid
• VTI
• PHT

 

LV Calculations

• LV EF% - Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction (Simpson’s Single Plane, Biplane)
• LV FS% - Left Ventricle Fractional Shortening
• CO - Cardiac Output
• SV - Stroke Volume
• Cl - Cardiac Index
• LV Mass - Left Ventricle Mass

 

Assesment Severity of the Pathology

MV Stenosis: 

• MVA Tracing
• PISA
• PHT
• Mitral Valve Area (MVA) by Continuity Equation
• Mean Pressure Gradient (PG mean)

 

MV Regurgitation: 

• Regurgiration Area
• Reg Area / LA area
• PISA
• Regurgitation volume and fraction (CV method)
• Vena Contracta

 

Ao Stenosis:

• Pic Velosity
• Mean Pressure Gradient (PG mean)
• AVA by Continuity Equation

 

Ao Regurgitation: 

• PHT
• Regurgitation jet width / LVOT diameter
• Regurgitation jet area / CSA LVOT
• Vena Contracta
• Regurgitation volume and fraction (SV method)
  
  

TV stenosis: 

• Mean Pressure Gradient (PG mean)
• PHT
• VTI
  
  

TV Regurgitation: 

• Regurgitation area
• PISA
  
  

PA stenosis: 

• Flow velosity
• PG systol
  
  

PA Regurgitation: 

• Regurgitation jet size
  
  

PA preassure measurement: 

• Systolic pressure
• Diastolic pressure
• Mean pressure

 

Diastolic Dysfunction: 

• Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

 

Pericarditis: 

• Pericardial Effusion

 

Cardiomyopathies:

• Dilated Cardiomyopathy
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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